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INTRODUCTION
The value of desalination is better
understood through the following facts:
Water, as a resource is the most basic and fundamental
component to life. Yet, only 1 % of the Earth's water is fresh water. This small amount is
becoming more inadequate, particularly in certain geographic To understand the problem (including economic and social balance) that is now upon the world,the following data is appropriate: The production of a ton of steel requires over 40,000 gallons
(182,000 liters) of water; production of a ton of aluminum requires 300,000 gallons
(1,364,000 liters) of water. Producing a ton of petrol in a refinery from crude oil nee0s
20,000 gallons (91,000 liters) of water; producing a ton of artificial fbers from a
chemical needs about 200,000 gallons (909,000 liters) of water. Taking these and
other similar statistics for other industries together, we find that, over all the
industrial activities of the modern world, one ton of industrial products represent an There are more than 7,500 desalting plants in operation worldwide producing several billion gallons of water per day. 57% are in the Middle East and 12% of the world capacity is produced in the Americas, with most of the plants located in the Caribbean and Florida. However, as drought conditions continue and concerns over water availability increase, desalination projects are being proposed at numerous locations. World economics aside, the market demand still exceeds the industries' capacity to produce the product (water). In fact, attempts to reclaim arid areas combined with increased population growth, industrial and economic development, signal a strong and continued market need. However the large multi-million gallons per day system promoted over the past several years is losing market share. Due to simple economic factors, these 30-50 million gallons facilities did not materialize as projected. According to the "Water Desalination Report," a recognized industry newsletter (January 1988), the current market trend is for 5-20 million gallons per day (MGD) systems - exactly where the "Passeral" process is most effective. From the standpoint of demographics, the distribution of systems on a worldwide basis is reflected by the following percentages:
MIDDLE EAST / AFRICA / ASIA 57 % AMERICAS 28 % OTHERS 15 % From the standpoint of the distillation/desalination technologies employed, the following percentage reflect market share by same: DISTILLATION PROCESS FLASH TECHNOLOGY 51 % VAPOR COMPRESSION 20% VERTICAL TUBE 11 % OTHER 18% MEMBRANE PROCESS REVERSE OSMOSIS OTHER 75 % 25 % In summary, of the total desalination plants in the world, 44% are distillation plants, which processes 76% of the total volume of water. The remainder is non-distillation processes (i.e., reverse osmosis). The "Passeral" process is again, a combination of both vapor compression and variable-flash distillation processes enhanced by advanced technologies. The "Passeral" process fits the current market requirements and is competitively positioned against all major technologies both from a pricing perspective and performance standpoint.
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areas of the world and in high-density population areas due to pollution and
shortages of rainfall . Desalinating seawater has long been considered as a solution to
the world's current and future water problem. But desalination has been costly and
unaffordable in places where it is most needed. Still, desalination plants around the
world today produce more than several billion gallons of water per day. However, the
demand for water continues to exceed the available supply.
average use of the order of 200 tons of water. In short, in terms of
tonnage produced by the water supplied industry of an industrial country about